diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/extend/cachable.rb b/Library/Homebrew/extend/cachable.rb
index 6472cca03f25d..d3d2794bc38a4 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/extend/cachable.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/extend/cachable.rb
@@ -7,9 +7,10 @@ def cache
     @cache ||= T.let({}, T.nilable(T::Hash[T.untyped, T.untyped]))
   end
 
+  # NOTE: We overwrite here instead of using `Hash#clear` to handle frozen hashes.
   sig { void }
   def clear_cache
-    cache.clear
+    overwrite_cache!({})
   end
 
   private
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/formulary.rb b/Library/Homebrew/formulary.rb
index c479ddacdf32c..8810dc4e7be50 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/formulary.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/formulary.rb
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ def self.load_formula_from_api(name, flags:)
           end
 
           if info&.key?("uses_from_macos")
-            bounds = info["uses_from_macos"] || {}
+            bounds = info["uses_from_macos"].dup || {}
             bounds.deep_transform_keys!(&:to_sym)
             bounds.deep_transform_values!(&:to_sym)
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/api/internal_tap_json/formula_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/api/internal_tap_json/formula_spec.rb
index 2cfe78426dcb7..0b6f3c04fdf29 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/api/internal_tap_json/formula_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/api/internal_tap_json/formula_spec.rb
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
       allow(Homebrew::API).to receive(:fetch_json_api_file)
         .with("internal/v3/homebrew-core.jws.json")
-        .and_return([JSON.parse(internal_tap_json), false])
+        .and_return([JSON.parse(internal_tap_json, freeze: true), false])
 
       # `Tap.tap_migration_oldnames` looks for renames in every
       # tap so `CoreCaskTap.tap_migrations` gets called and tries to