GH-45388: [CI][MATLAB] Can we use Ubuntu 22.04 or 24.04 for Ubuntu CI

[sgilmore10]

Rationale for this change

Ubuntu 20.04 will reach EOL by 2025-04, so we must upgrade the MATLAB workflow's GitHub runner from Ubuntu 20.04 to Ubuntu 22.04 or Ubuntu 24.04.

What changes are included in this PR?

1. Updated the Ubuntu MATLAB GitHub workflow to use Ubuntu 22.04 as the GitHub runner.
2. Updated the Ubuntu MATLAB crossbow task to use Ubuntu 22.04 as the GitHub runner.

Are these changes tested?

1. All GitHub checks passed.
2. Manually triggered the MATLAB crossbow task and installed the MATLAB-Arrow Interface Toolbox on Debian-12.

Are there any user-facing changes?

N/A

• GitHub Issue: [CI][MATLAB] Can we use Ubuntu 22.04 or 24.04 for Ubuntu CI #45388

[sgilmore10]

@github-actions crossbow submit matlab

[github-actions]

Revision: e00cab4

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-54e7085b46

Task	Status
matlab

[sgilmore10]

+1

[conbench-apache-arrow]

After merging your PR, Conbench analyzed the 4 benchmarking runs that have been run so far on merge-commit 42b84bd.

There were 8 benchmark results with an error:

• Commit Run on arm64-t4g-2xlarge-linux at 2025-01-30 22:28:08Z
  • tpch (R) with engine=arrow, format=native, language=R, memory_map=False, query_id=TPCH-03, scale_factor=1
  • tpch (R) with engine=arrow, format=parquet, language=R, memory_map=False, query_id=TPCH-03, scale_factor=1
• and 6 more (see the report linked below)

There were no benchmark performance regressions. 🎉

The full Conbench report has more details. It also includes information about 30 possible false positives for unstable benchmarks that are known to sometimes produce them.