diff --git a/sentry_sdk/tracing.py b/sentry_sdk/tracing.py
index 3868b2e6c8..b5592e9c29 100644
--- a/sentry_sdk/tracing.py
+++ b/sentry_sdk/tracing.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import uuid
-import random
 import warnings
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from random import Random
 
 import sentry_sdk
 from sentry_sdk.consts import INSTRUMENTER, SPANSTATUS, SPANDATA
@@ -761,6 +761,7 @@ class Transaction(Span):
         "parent_sampled",
         # used to create baggage value for head SDKs in dynamic sampling
         "sample_rate",
+        "_sample_rand",
         "_measurements",
         "_contexts",
         "_profile",
@@ -1152,10 +1153,9 @@ def _set_initial_sampling_decision(self, sampling_context):
             self.sampled = False
             return
 
-        # Now we roll the dice. random.random is inclusive of 0, but not of 1,
-        # so strict < is safe here. In case sample_rate is a boolean, cast it
-        # to a float (True becomes 1.0 and False becomes 0.0)
-        self.sampled = random.random() < self.sample_rate
+        # Now we "roll the dice" by using the pre-computed sample_rand value.
+        # The sample_rand is in the range [0.0, 1.0).
+        self.sampled = self.sample_rand() < self.sample_rate
 
         if self.sampled:
             logger.debug(
@@ -1171,6 +1171,45 @@ def _set_initial_sampling_decision(self, sampling_context):
                 )
             )
 
+    def sample_rand(self):
+        # type: () -> float
+        """Generate a sample_rand value, or obtain it from the baggage.
+
+        The sample_rand value is used to determine if a trace is sampled. We use the sample_rand
+        value from the incoming baggage header, if available. Otherwise, we generate a new one
+        according to the [specs](https://develop.sentry.dev/sdk/telemetry/traces/#propagated-random-value).
+
+        The first time this function is called, we generate the sample_rand value. Future calls
+        will return the same value, since we cache the sample_rand on the transaction.
+        """
+        cached_sample_rand = getattr(self, "_sample_rand", None)
+
+        if cached_sample_rand is not None:
+            return cached_sample_rand
+
+        incoming_sample_rand = self._incoming_sample_rand()
+        if incoming_sample_rand is not None:
+            return incoming_sample_rand
+
+        return self._generate_sample_rand()
+
+    def _generate_sample_rand(self):
+        # type: () -> float
+        """Generate a sample_rand value for this transaction.
+
+        Per the [specs](https://develop.sentry.dev/sdk/telemetry/traces/#propagated-random-value),
+        the `sample_rand` value is a pseudo-random number in the range [0.0, 1.0), which we generate
+        deterministically based on the transaction's trace ID.
+        """
+        return Random(self.trace_id).random()
+
+    def _incoming_sample_rand(self):
+        # type: () -> Optional[float]
+        """Returns the sample_rand value from the incoming baggage header, if available."""
+        if self._baggage is not None:
+            return self._baggage.sample_rand()
+        return None
+
 
 class NoOpSpan(Span):
     def __repr__(self):
diff --git a/sentry_sdk/tracing_utils.py b/sentry_sdk/tracing_utils.py
index 0459563776..8c170cd023 100644
--- a/sentry_sdk/tracing_utils.py
+++ b/sentry_sdk/tracing_utils.py
@@ -552,6 +552,7 @@ def populate_from_transaction(cls, transaction):
         options = client.options or {}
 
         sentry_items["trace_id"] = transaction.trace_id
+        sentry_items["sample_rand"] = str(transaction.sample_rand())
 
         if options.get("environment"):
             sentry_items["environment"] = options["environment"]
@@ -624,6 +625,24 @@ def strip_sentry_baggage(header):
             )
         )
 
+    def sample_rand(self):
+        # type: () -> Optional[float]
+        """Gets the sample_rand value from the baggage, if available.
+
+        This function validates the `sample_rand` before returning it. A valid `sample_rand` is
+        a float in the range [0.0, 1.0). If the `sample_rand` is missing or invalid, we return
+        `None` instead of the invalid/missing value.
+        """
+        try:
+            sample_rand = float(self.sentry_items["sample_rand"])
+        except (KeyError, ValueError):
+            return None
+
+        if sample_rand < 0.0 or sample_rand >= 1.0:
+            return None
+
+        return sample_rand
+
 
 def should_propagate_trace(client, url):
     # type: (sentry_sdk.client.BaseClient, str) -> bool