[packet_transport] Extract packet encoding functionality

[clydebarrow]

What does this implement/fix?

The packet encoding routines in the udp component have been hoisted out into a dedicated, transport-independent, platform component that can be used by multiple communication mechanisms.

The packet_transport component provides all sensor encode/decode, encryption etc. The UDP component just provides the send/receive functionality.

the udp.sensor and udp.binary_sensor components are now packet_transport.sensor and packet_transport.binary_sensor.

UDP component also now has a receive trigger and write action.

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests
• Other

Related issue or feature (if applicable):

• fixes

Pull request in esphome-docs with documentation (if applicable):

• Document packet_transport and udp changes esphome-docs#4643

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP8266
• RP2040
• BK72xx
• RTL87xx
• host

Example entry for config.yaml:

# Example config.yaml

udp:
  listen_address: 239.0.60.53
  addresses: ["239.0.60.53"]

packet_transport:
  platform: udp
  update_interval: 5s
  encryption: "our key goes here"
  rolling_code_enable: true
  ping_pong_enable: true
  binary_sensors:
    - binary_sensor_id1
    - id: binary_sensor_id1
      broadcast_id: other_id
  sensors:
    - sensor_id1
    - id: sensor_id1
      broadcast_id: other_id
  providers:
    - name: some-device-name
      encryption: "their key goes here"

sensor:
  - platform: template
    id: sensor_id1
  - platform: packet_transport
    provider: some-device-name
    id: our_id
    remote_id: some_sensor_id

binary_sensor:
  - platform: packet_transport
    provider: unencrypted-device
    id: other_binary_sensor_id
  - platform: template
    id: binary_sensor_id1

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 53.81%. Comparing base (4d8b5ed) to head (58ab24e).
Report is 2000 commits behind head on dev.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev    #8187      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   53.70%   53.81%   +0.10%     
==========================================
  Files          50       50              
  Lines        9408     9856     +448     
  Branches     1654     1360     -294     
==========================================
+ Hits         5053     5304     +251     
- Misses       4056     4230     +174     
- Partials      299      322      +23     

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[nagyrobi]

Testing...